An important finding has been made by researchers from the University of Bristol and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT): a new blood group system named MAL, which contains the AnWj antigen, has been identified. This discovery provides an explanation for a riddle that has baffled researchers for almost half a century, since the AnWj blood type antigen was initially detected in 1972.
Senior scientist Louise Tilley spearheaded the study and her group created a genetic test that may identify patients deficient in the AnWj antigen. This test is essential to ensure more precise matches for transfusions and to enhance treatment for those with uncommon blood needs. While it is difficult to pinpoint the precise number of people who would benefit from this revelation, Tilley pointed out that about 400 patients annually rely on NHSBT for sophisticated blood matching worldwide.
The finding has broad ramifications and gives sufferers across hope. Antibodies are being provided for the study by NHSBT’s International Blood Group Reference Laboratory in Filton, which has also created a test that can be integrated into current genotyping platforms. By doing this, it will be easier to identify people who have uncommon blood types and avoid problems when receiving blood transfusions.
Among the research’s major discoveries is the identification of the AnWj antigen’s genetic foundation, which has improved knowledge of individuals who do not belong to this particular blood type. The AnWj antigen is included in the MAL blood group system, which is currently the 47th recognized blood group system. Researchers discovered that the AnWj-negative phenotype, which has baffled scientists for decades, is caused by homozygous deletions in the MAL gene.
By making novel genotyping tests possible, the discovery of the MAL blood group system will greatly increase transfusion safety. Patients with this uncommon blood type will receive safer blood transfusions thanks to the assistance of these tests in identifying those who lack the AnWj antigen.
Red blood cells have proteins called blood group antigens, and when these are absent during transfusions, serious responses may occur. The significance of this discovery was highlighted by leukemia survivor and laboratory worker Philip Brown, who said that the necessity for safer blood matching was highlighted by his experiences receiving numerous blood transfusions.
Nicole Thornton, who oversees the International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, emphasized the discovery’s global importance. The development of genotyping assays that will assist in identifying donors and patients who carry this uncommon antigen is made possible by the capacity to decipher the genetic underpinnings of the AnWj antigen. This will ultimately improve outcomes for individuals in need of precise blood matching.
SOURCE :
ECONOMIC TIMES
